4. Science and Environment

This series of papers is designed to provide information on the current status of research on ecosystem processes and environmental management issues. They include descriptions of the current efforts, as well as the status of research into our understanding of the biosphere and geosphere.

		4-1 Status of Biosphere Research related to High-level Radioactive Waste Management (HLRWM)
		ECOMatters Inc. Overview of biosphere research undertaken in relation to HLRWM.

		4-2 Characterizing the Geosphere in High-Level Radioactive Waste Management
		Jonathan Sykes, University of Waterloo Overview of geosphere research undertaken in relation to HLRWM.

		4-3 Natural and Anthropogenic Analogues - Insights for Management of Spent Fuel
		Paul McKee & Don Lush, Stantec Consulting

		4-4 The Chemical Toxicity Potential of CANDU Spent Fuel
		Don Hart & Don Lush, Stantec Consulting

		4-5 Review of the Possible Implications of Climate Change on the Long-Term Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel
		Gordon A. McBean, Ph.D., FRSC

		4-6 Review of the Implications of Microbiological Factors on the Long-term Management of Used Nuclear Fuel
		D. Roy Cullimore, Ph.D. R.M., Droycon Bioconcepts Inc. This paper outlines the need to recognize and include factors relating to the subsurface biosphere in the design and establishment of any used nuclear fuel storage or disposal concepts which may be developed.

Disclaimer

This report does not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Nuclear Waste Management Organization, its directors, officers, employees and agents (the "NWMO") and unless otherwise specifically stated, is made available to the public by the NWMO for information only. The contents of this report reflect the views of the author(s) who are solely responsible for the text and its conclusions as well as the accuracy of any data used in its creation. The NWMO does not make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information disclosed, or represent that the use of any information would not infringe privately owned rights. Any reference to a specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or preference by NWMO.